Pine needles can be foraged anytime of year because they do not lose their leaves in the winter months, unlike deciduous trees such as maples. 

Pine needles have been found to be anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and high in antioxidants. They are high in vitamins A and C, making them a great for warding off colds and flus in the winter months or in the past helped to prevent scurvy. It has mild expectorant properties for coughs and relieving chest congestion. Good for sore throats too. Pine needles have been used as a topical treatment for headaches, stiff joints and arthritis. It has a mild warming effect and is great paired with peppermint and wintergreen or spearmint to use on sore muscles. 

When foraging for pine needles it is important to make sure you have the right species. Avoid any needles from cypress or yew, as they can be poisonous. Plant identification is not to be taken lightly, so if you are unsure then do not ingest or use the plant - always ask for help from a professional if you are unsure. Pine, fir, hemlock and spruce are all edible. 

A special note concerning essential oils and medicinal plants:

*If you are pregnant, nursing, taking medications or have health conditions, consult with a health provider before using essential oils or any medicinal herbs and plants. 

Special notes concerning wild foraging: 

*Make sure to properly identify the plant you are foraging. There are many look a like species that can be poisonous or pose a threat to your health. If you aren’t sure, don’t risk it. Ask for professional help if needed.

• Always leave rare species alone and only take what you need. Don’t take too much from one area or one plant, always make sure to spread out. A rule of thumb is to only take a few leaves from one branch, for example. Never strip plants of all their leaves, fruits or seeds, as they depend on them to survive.

*Do not pick the roots unless the plant is very plentiful and you plan to consume what you pick. Plants depend on their roots to survive. 

*Pick from uncontaminated areas. Make sure you aren’t picking near environmental pollutants such as roadsides where cars continually drive. Also avoiding agricultural land, industrial estates, dog-walking paths and certain water sources. Wash what you forage before using or ingesting.